1
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2021
/  

(   )
 : 3     : 75
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.           
2.   ,      
-
3.             
4.           
-
5.        
6.           
2
Easy2Siksha
-
7.          
8.                M =
150, SD=20  N = 350:
(a)  160  175    
() 140  160     
(c) 165     
(d)  135     
3
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2021
/  

(   )
 : 3     : 75
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.           
:     
  ,    ,         
  -   , ,      ,    
  ,              
                

 
  ?
                
    ,           
              
      ,     - 
    
 
   
   ,        ,     
 :
1.   ()
2. 
4
Easy2Siksha
3. 
4.  
5. Axon 
1.   ()
 ,  ,          ,  
   ()            
 
     
 
            
       ',        
     
2. 
 -              
            
         -     
  ""       ,    
       
3. 
    ,           ,
                
              
Axons   -   .      ( ),   
       ,             

4.  
             ,  
           ,  
             
   
            
 (. .)     
 , 
        ,    
    
5
Easy2Siksha
5.  
axon   ' axon  .        
             ,
         
             ,
      ,        
    
      :
1.   ( )
2.   ()
1.  :  
    '  ,         
              ,  
           
               
              ,   
               
         ,   
      
2.  : 
             
  ,          
    
           
 '            , 
        
 ,    , 
   
                
 
  
      ,        :
1.  
2.  
3. 
6
Easy2Siksha
1.  
                 
 ,  
    ,       
   ,       
2.  
                
     ,    
  
   
             

3. 
              
             
  ,           

 
 
               
      :
1. :            ,
       
2. :   , ,       

3.   :        ,    
   
4. :        
,         
5. :         
        
7
Easy2Siksha
   
         ,       
:
1.   ():      
2. :         
3. :           
4.  :    
5. Axon :          

     ,           ,
 ,             
   ,              
          
      ,     ,   
  ,             

8
Easy2Siksha
2.   ,      
:   ,   
      '   ,        
               
     Synapses          
           
 -, ,  ,
          ,    
  ?
             
   , 
     .     ,      
    (  )   ,   
 (   )         
             
         ,   
 
           
 Synapse  
      :
1. Presynaptic  ( ):
               
           -   
            
   (    )
2.   ( ):
  -         
  ,  20  40    ,      100,000
  !           
  
3.   ( ):
            ',  
           ,  
        ,     
    ""  ,       
Synapses  
       '      :   
 
9
Easy2Siksha
1.  
    :
   ,   ( ) 
        ,   
            
  '          ,  
     (  )     (
)
  
:
             '  
       '      
  ,   '     ,   
         
 :
o :    .
o : ,       
 
o :, 
    
o :        
o  (- ):     
  
2.  
    :
           
     ,        -   
              
  
 .
  
:
            
   ,        ,  
           
   :
             , 
   '     ,     ,  
      
10
Easy2Siksha
Synapses  
         
 :
1.  
                
             
,      
,         
2.   
Synapses               ,
   
          ( 
     )        ,    
  
 
        , 
       
 
  GABA      ,   
             
      
3.  (  )
   '           
             ,
 
  ,             
     (LTP)     ,      ,
     (LTD)    
LTP              
 
LTD         ,    
 
4.   
Synapses          -   ,
   ,  
    ,    ( 
  
 )    (     )  
      
 
5. 
                
          
11
Easy2Siksha
      '     
      
           ,   
     
   (    )
             :
1.    :
  ( )        
   
2.  :
      ,      
       
3.     :
          '
    
4.    :
          
 ,         
5.  :
    ,        ,
      ,        
  
       

          ,   
     ,         
      , 
        
              
12
Easy2Siksha
-
3.             
:    (ANS)    
   (ANS)            
        ,     , ,  
,    ANS        ,    
""  
      (PNS)   ,    
       
1.    (ANS)  
ANS       :
1.    (SNS)- "  "     
       
2.    (PNS) - "  "     
              
        
 ,      
     
2.     
ANS    :
1. - ,          
2.  -             
  :
o   -      .
o  -       
        :
   (SNS)
            
  
             SNS   
        :
         
         
13
Easy2Siksha
          
        ( )  
SNS  :
       -         
   
   -           , 
  -      
   (PNS)
           
      
 :
    .
            
          
           
PNS  :
   - ,   '  , ,    
     
 
 -         
   (ANS)  
ANS         ,     
  
       :
1.    
             
   
 
             
 ,  
 
2.     
  ,        SNS  
 
 
14
Easy2Siksha
 
  ,  PNS    
 ,   ,  
    
3.  
       SNS     
        ,   
 
        
4.    
SNS      
          
  
 
          
  
5.  
SNS      
PNS         ,    
 
 
6.     
SNS             
  -        
             
       
 ANS          :

  
(SNS)
  
(PNS)

  
    
 ' 
   
 
     
 ' 
   

    
15
Easy2Siksha

  
(SNS)
  
(PNS)
 '

 
 
   
  
    

 
 
 ' 
   
 
     
 
  
    
SNS  PNS  
         
 ,          SNS     
   , PNS           
 
 :
 
   ,     ,   SNS  
      
      , PNS   ,     
,        
     
 ,     
      ,   
    :
  -ANS     ,  ,
,      
   (POTS) -      ' 
    '   ,         
16
Easy2Siksha
    
 ,               
,             '
  ,     ,        -  
              
               
4.           
:        
      ,      ' , ,   
             
17
Easy2Siksha
              
      ,   , ,     
  
1.  :   
              "
"    
   ,      
   
            
    
A.     :
1. :
o :            ,
    
o : ,          
       
           
o :  
    ,   ,   
               
2. :
o :    ,     
o :         
      
    , 
          
o : 
     ,    
         
    
   
3. :
o :       ,    
o :        ,   ( 
,   )          

,         
 
o : 
    ,        
             
   
18
Easy2Siksha
4.  :
o :       ,    -
        
o :        
           
    
o :  
          
,             

5.  (    ):
o :   ,       
o : , ,      
         
   
     
B.    :
           
 :
1. : ,   ' , , ,    
            
      
o : 
   ,     "  "
   ,           
    
2.   :           
     
      '   

o :  
          
       ,     '  
3.   :           
                
 
o :  
  ,       
   ,       
19
Easy2Siksha
4.  :           
   ,           
 
o :            
     
2. :   
             
,    -  '        
 ,         
 -    
    ,   ,   
A.   :
             ,    
     ()          - 
  
B.   :
               
   :
1.     :
o            
   
        , 
          
 
o :    ,       
       
 
2.     :
o              
    
            
     
o :         ,   
      
   
 
20
Easy2Siksha
3.  :
o       ,    
       ,  
    ,       
o :  
         
     
4. 
 :
o        
-  
        
    
o : ,        , 
   
  ,    ,  

    
  
5.  :
o            
 ,         
       
o : 
     ,   
             
6.    :
o      ,    
                
       
o : 
           ,
    
-       
    
7.    :
o           
    
o :   ,      
          

          , , ,
             
21
Easy2Siksha
      ,        
 ,      , , ,   
     
          
      ,        
           , 
     
            ,  
     
-
5.        
:      
                   ,
  
             
                 
  
    ,        :
1. :
o :   , -    
o :               
         65-75%   , 
        
2. :
o :   ,     
o :          
     
3. :
o :      ,      
o :     (     )   
              
  .
22
Easy2Siksha
4. :
o :         
o :            
     ,      (),  
 ,      ()
5. :
o :        
o :   '     -  ' 
'         (   ) 
,        
6.  :
o :      
o :   '        
     
7. :
o :     -  
o :           
            
8.  :
o :
:          
,       
 
o :
:           
         ,   
 - - (,   )    
9.  :
o :        ,    

o :         , 
       
23
Easy2Siksha
10. :
o :         
o :     ,   
 
  '          ,   
           
11.  :
o :   ,        
    
o :            
   
12.  :
o :       ,    
      
o :           (  
)   ,         
13. :
o :            
o :         
    :  
  
     ,          
  
1.  :
o   
     ,    
,            
(  )
2.   :
o             
  ,             
,             
  ,         
24
Easy2Siksha
3.  :
o     ,      ' 
      
    - 
'       ,      
,           
4.    :
o         ,     
        ,   ' , 
        '      ()
 
5.    :
o     (  )    
   
            
       ,       
  
    
6.   :
o            
             
        ,     
      
7.   :
o        ,     
      , -      
     ,       
    
  
        
 ,   
 
       
         
       ,       
   
              
 :
25
Easy2Siksha
1.  (-):
o :   ,     ,     
   
o :      ,     
  
o :  (   )      

2.  ():
o :    ,     
,     
   
o :     ,    
  
o :        
3. :
o :       ,   
    '   
o :  '   
o :        
4. :
o :    ,   '   
o :      ,      
o :   ,      
,      
5. :
o :       
 
o :    ,      ,    
   
o : ,  ,        
 
26
Easy2Siksha
6.  :
o :  ,   '   
o :    ,     
 
o :  
,       
    
        ,   '  :
   :          
  ' 
    :   UV     
          
 : ,    - -3    
 ,       
   :        '    
20-20-20    :  20  , 20   20   

 :        
 
6.           
:        
 ,    
       ,   
    ()   ()      
 ,  ,          
  
           
   
  (  )
1.    :
:
o         
  ,      
          
27
Easy2Siksha
 :
o    ,  ',       
          
( )       
    
,          
 
  :
o               
          ,    
              
    
 :
o    -    ,  
  ,          
       ,    
    
 :
o   , -    - ,   
           ,
      
2.    :
   :
o      -          
             
 ,             
 -
    
   :
o        '   ,    
              
        
 :
o       
       
          ,    
              
28
Easy2Siksha
 
 , 
          

  (  )
1.    :
:
o         -     , 
     ,       

  :
o     50-100         
             '  
,  ,      '    
  :
o             
              
          ,  
    
 :
o          
 ,    
   (  ' , ,   )

   ,         
    ,       
2.    :
   :
o           : ,
, , ,   ()       
:
:     
 
:       
:     
 
:     
:     
29
Easy2Siksha
 :
o                
  '   ""  
        
                 
        
  :
o              
            
        
 :
o  ,          (  
 )            
      (,    ,   
)
      
       ,      
   
        :
 :
o  
 ,           (-
) 
    ,  
     
              
            
    
 :
o       
   , 
          ,  
    -        
    
  :
o , ,            
             
   ,           


30
Easy2Siksha
    
    ,     
              
  ,  ,        

             ,   
              
 ,           ,  
                
       ,       
 ,      
-
7.          
:       
  ,          , , 
                  
               
     
    ?
   
           
  
       ,     '      
       ""    
     
        
   ,                 
 ,     (    )      

  ,  -   ,  
        
      
    
1.     :           
       ,    
  
,       .
31
Easy2Siksha
2. :               
       .     ,   
              
3. ,      :    ,  (), 
( ),   (   )    '        
,      
4.  :       
      
     
        
          ,     
5.    :       1,  100%    
      
   '      
           
 
6.   (68-95-99.7 ):      
    :
o  68%          
 
o  95%      
 
o  99.7%      
     
              
7.   
:      
,      
     
    '    .
8. :     ,  ""    
  ,               
      
1.  :   ,   ,   ,  
      ,           
   ,         
2.   :         
   ,         -
  ,         ,   
             
3.  : ,     z-     
          
  Z-   
          , 2   z- 
         
32
Easy2Siksha
4.   :  ,        
            ,    
   -        
,  
-        
5.   :  -        
  ,  
   IQ      ,   
                
   
6.  :    '        
 ,   ,         
   ,             
 
   - 
1. IQ :IQ            ' 100  
 15             100 
   ,        
2. :      '        
    ,         
3. :   ,           , 
    
 
4.  : ,           , 
       ,    
     
    
?
         -     
       
           
    ,         
 ,     
'            ,   
   -     

              
  , ,             
        
     
     , 
         
      
33
Easy2Siksha
   ,            
   ,     ,       
     
 , 
    
            
 
8.                M =
150, SD=20  N = 350:
:               
 (M) 150 ,   (SD) 20 ,      (N) 350 ,  
    ,   '    
  
1.  (M):           ,  150 ,
      150 
2.   (SD):             
  ,   20 ,        
 20       
3. N (  ):          
 
, N 350 ,    350   
4.  :            ""
             ,  
    ,       
5. Z-:  Z- 
           
       ,   Z- 0      
   , Z- +1 ,         
,  Z-  -1.
         
1.     
  
              

   ,  , 130  170    
    
      
 (M) = 150:      
34
Easy2Siksha
  (SD) = 20:          
  
2.  Z-  
          
 ,     Z-
       Z- 
        
(  ) Z-      :
:
Z = Z-
X =   
  
= 
SD =  
 (): 160  175     
 1: Z-   
160 :
175 :
 2: Z-   
35
Easy2Siksha
, 
        Z-     (   
  )
0.5   Z-        69.15%    
1.25   -        89.44%    
 3: Z-     
160  175         ,     :
89.44%-69.15% = 20.29%
 4:      
            ,     (350)
   :
350×0.2029=71.02350
 ,  71  (
)  160  175   
 
 (): 140  160     
 1: Z-   
140 :
160 :
 2: Z-   
-0.5   -     30.85%    
0.5   -     69.15%    
 Z-     
    :
69.15%-30.85% = 38.30%
 4:     
36
Easy2Siksha
,        :
350×0.3830=134
 ,  134   140  160   
 
 (c):  165    
 1:165  Z-   
 2: Z-   
0.75  Z-        77.34%    
 3: 165      
165       ,   100%  :
100%77.34% = 22.66%
 4:      
       :
350×0.2266=79.31350
 ,  79   165   
 
 (): 135    
 1: 135  Z-   
 2:Z-   
-0.75   Z-      22.66%    
 3:      
       :
350×0.2266=79.31
 ,  79   135   
 
37
Easy2Siksha
  
 (a): 71  (20.29%) 160  175   
 
 (): 134  (38.30%) 140  160   
 
 (c): 79  (22.66%) 165   
 
 (): 79  (22.66%) 135   
 
        (M = 150)    (SD = 20)   
Z- '   Z-   , 
      
           
 
1.  (M)   
2.   (SD)           
3. Z-  Z-            
     
4. Z-               
 
    , 
             
         
:      Ai      ( )       
        , 
  '         